ABSTRACT
Background: Maternal mortality is a vital index of the effectiveness of obstetric services prevailing in a country. The key to progress of a country lies in reducing its maternal morbidity and mortality, hence to give a better assessment of the problem a retrospective study on maternal mortality was carried out. An objective of the study was to find the cause and epidemiological factors for maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital in western Maharashtra from January 2018 to August 2019.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study done at tertiary care hospital in western Maharashtra from January 2018 to august 2019. Data was collected from medical records department and the study was conducted by reviewing the records of maternal death and scrutinizing for various aspects likely to be related to maternal death such as age, locality of residence, antenatal care, admission death time interval and cause of death.Results: during the study period 63 maternal deaths occurred and 75302 live births, Maternal Mortality Ratio were 83.66 per 1 lakh live birth. 46% of maternal deaths were in age group of 21-25 years, 87% of patients belonged to rural area, 74% belonged to lower socioeconomic status. 43% were unregistered patients, 43% had vaginal delivery, 73% had no free transportation, 68% were referred patients, 60% were referred from private hospitals, 48% of maternal death occurred <24 hours, 73% of maternal death were due to direct cause, 28% of maternal deaths were due to pre-eclampsia and its complications, 15.8% due to sepsis and 12.6% due to Postpartum hemorrhage.Conclusions: Being a tertiary care hospital, where patients are referred from periphery maternal mortality was found to be on higher side. Proper implementation of government policies with community participation along with strengthening of First Referral Unit (FRU) and Primary Health Centres can help to reduce maternal mortality.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Development and validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of 6-, 8-, 10-Gingerols and 6-Shogaol in ginger extract using authentic standards. Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved by using a C18 column and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile, ortho-phospohoric acid in water and methanol. The proposed method was validated in terms of the analytical parameters such as specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, range, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) according to ICH guidelines. Results: Linear calibration curves were obtained over concentration ranges of 10-250 µg/ml for 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol with determination coefficients more than 0.99 for each analyte. Intra and inter-day precisions of the method were found to be below 2% for each analyte, with relative standard deviation (% RSD) values in the range of 0.47 to 1.55% for 6-gingerol, 0.44 to 1.51% for 8-gingerol, 0.24 to 1.90% for 10-gingerol and 0.25 to 1.67% for 6-shogaol. The percentage recovery of gingerols and shogaol was obtained with an average of 99.53%, 99.97%, 100.13% and 100.53% respectively, which was well within acceptance range. Conclusion: Simple, accurate, precise and rapid HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol and validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The developed method was found to be suitable for the standardization of herbal extracts and polyherbal formulations for the content of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol.
ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is a major health problem that affects 25% to 50% of the population of the world and approximately 50% of pregnant women. This research on the use of prescription medicines in anemia during pregnancy remains critically important. Prescribing patterns of the drug in the pregnant women include age, trimester, gravid condition, US-FDA risk category, WHO core indicators.Methods: A prospective, cross sectional observational multicentric study was conducted in outpatient and inpatient departments of Indira Gandhi Hospital and Civil Hospital in Nasik, for period of 6 months. Ethical approval was taken prior to study from Independent ethics committee. A total of 197 patients were enrolled in the study. Inform consent form was obtained from the patients. After studying them; statistical analysis were done and result and conclusion were drawn.Results: Out of 197 women抯 prescriptions, the average number of drug per prescription was 2.14. 27.28% drugs were prescribed there brand name and 72.72% by generic name. Iron, folic acid and calcium were prescribed to all pregnant women. The majority of the patients were prescribed category A and category C drugs. No patients were given category X drug.Conclusions: Nearly all prescription showed a prescribing practice for writing prophylactic iron and folic acid therapy in all pregnant women. No women was prescribed category X drug. Most of the drug prescribed in generics and thus, prescription pattern of our study set a fine example of prescribing behaviour.
ABSTRACT
Infertility due to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a worldwide problem that is increasing at alarming rates. Insulin resistance, the prime factor of PCOS, induces comorbid metabolic syndrome as well. Durian (Durio zibenthinus Linn), a fruit of Southeast Asia, is used as a natural supplement in healthy diets. This paper is a short literature review that examines the fruit's effects against various components of metabolic syndrome and its fertility-enhancing properties in PCOS. Various published literature was reviewed to learn of the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, anticholesterol, and antihypoglycaemic nature of the fruit. The literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar and library databases. The keywords used were polycystic ovarian syndrome, infertility, metabolic syndrome and Durian zibenthinus Linn. Reviewed studies showed that the fruit is effective against various components of metabolic syndrome, but the mechanisms of action against anovulation and menstrual disturbances in PCOS have yet to be studied. The traditional use of durian as a fertility-enhancing agent needs to be validated scientifically by isolating its various components and ascertaining its fertility enhancing properties.